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Vidhi

The Constitution of India, read exactly and explained with patience.

संविधान का हर अनुच्छेद, उसके अपने शब्दों में।

Opens the official text of the Constitution of India, reads any article exactly, then explains it in plain Hindi or English with an example from everyday life.

Talk to VidhiBrowse every article

Live in your browser · Arushi on Cartesia Sonic 3.6 · up to 10 minutes · not recorded

The Preamble

Where Vidhi begins when a caller brings nothing: one phrase at a time, then a pause for you.

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

As enacted and amended. The Constitution of India [As on 1st May, 2024], Government of India, Ministry of Law and Justice, Legislative Department.
473
articles in force, each readable word for word
26
Parts: I to XXII, with IVA, IXA, IXB and XIVA inserted by amendment
12
Schedules, from the States to the Municipalities
106
amendments carried, up to women’s reservation in 2023

She opens the book before she opens her mouth.

  1. 01

    Opens the article

    She looks it up in the official text first. Nothing is quoted from memory.

  2. 02

    Reads it exactly

    The enacted English wording, number and heading, in a level and careful voice.

  3. 03

    Lets it land

    One and a half seconds of silence before a single word of explanation.

  4. 04

    Explains it plainly

    In your language, with one example from a ration queue, a classroom or a panchayat.

Ask her the way you would ask a teacher.

In Hindi, in English, or mixed. Each question below names the part of the text she opens first.

  • पुलिस गिरफ़्तार करे तो मेरे क्या अधिकार हैं?

    Opens Article 22

  • Is privacy a fundamental right?

    Opens Article 21

  • बच्चों की मुफ़्त पढ़ाई का अधिकार कहाँ लिखा है?

    Opens Article 21A

  • Who makes laws on the police, the Centre or the State?

    Opens Seventh Schedule, List II

  • आपातकाल लगने पर क्या बदल जाता है?

    Opens Articles 352 to 360

  • When does women’s reservation in the Lok Sabha begin?

    Opens Articles 330A and 334A

Your rights, in the words that grant them.

Part III, quoted exactly from the official text, with “(omitted)” where an amendment removed a clause. This is the wording Vidhi reads before she explains anything.

Right to EqualityArticle 14
The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
Right to FreedomArticle 19(1)
(1) All citizens shall have the right— (a) to freedom of speech and expression; (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms; (c) to form associations or unions or co-operative societies; (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India; (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and (f) (omitted) (g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Life and personal libertyArticle 21
No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
Right to EducationArticle 21A
The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.
Right against ExploitationArticle 23(1)
(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
Freedom of ReligionArticle 25(1)
(1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate religion.
Cultural and Educational RightsArticle 29(1)
(1) Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.
Right to Constitutional RemediesArticle 32(1)
(1) The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed.

Article 51A sets out the eleven Fundamental Duties of every citizen, from respecting the National Flag to providing opportunities for education to one’s child between six and fourteen. Ask Vidhi to read them.

Every Part. Every article.

The full index of the Constitution, including the 32 articles later omitted by amendment. Open a Part, or search, then ask Vidhi to read the article aloud.

    • 12Definition
    • 13Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
    • 14Equality before law
    • 15Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
    • 16Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
    • 17Abolition of Untouchability
    • 18Abolition of titles
    • 19Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
    • 20Protection in respect of conviction for offences
    • 21Protection of life and personal liberty
    • 21ARight to education
    • 22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
    • 23Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
    • 24Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
    • 25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
    • 26Freedom to manage religious affairs
    • 27Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
    • 28Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
    • 29Protection of interests of minorities
    • 30Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
    • 31Compulsory acquisition of propertyOmitted
    • 31ASaving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
    • 31BValidation of certain Acts and Regulations
    • 31CSaving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
    • 31DSaving of laws in respect of anti-national activitiesOmitted
    • 32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
    • 32AConstitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32Omitted
    • 33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
    • 34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
    • 35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part

The twelve Schedules

  1. First Schedule
  2. Second Schedule
  3. Third Schedule
  4. Fourth Schedule
  5. Fifth Schedule
  6. Sixth Schedule
  7. Seventh Schedule
  8. Eighth Schedule
  9. Ninth Schedule
  10. Tenth Schedule
  11. Eleventh Schedule
  12. Twelfth Schedule

Exact, neutral, and honest about what she is.

Reads, never recalls
Every article she speaks is opened in the Government of India’s official text, as on 1 May 2024, and read with its number. If she has not looked it up, she does not quote it.
A teacher, not a lawyer
Vidhi explains what the Constitution says in general. For your own case she points you to a lawyer and to free legal aid on the NALSA helpline, 15100.
Neutral by design
No view on parties, politicians, elections or pending cases. She sets out the text and the main readings of it, and leaves the judgment to you.
Text first, rulings second
She keeps the words of the Constitution apart from how courts have read them, and names only landmark judgments she holds, such as Kesavananda Bharati (1973).
Your language
Hindi in Devanagari by default, English when you speak English, and twenty more Indian languages when you switch.
Honest about what it is
An AI demonstration of a CallMissed voice agent, with no link to any court, ministry or party. It says so when asked.

Ask Vidhi anything in the Constitution.

Text source: The Constitution of India [As on 1st May, 2024], published by the Government of India, Ministry of Law and Justice, Legislative Department, amended up to The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023. Official PDF

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